GRB Polarization: A Unique Probe of GRB Physics

Over half a century from the discovery of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), dominant radiation mechanism responsible for their bright and highly variable prompt emission remains poorly understood. Spectral information alone has proven insufficient understanding composition main energy dissipation in GRB jets. High-sensitivity polarimetric observations upcoming instruments this decade may help answer such key questions physics. This article reviews current status polarization measurements provides comprehensive predictions theoretical models. A concise overview fundamental physics is provided. Important developments polarimetry including critical different past are presented. Theoretical mechanisms jet structures confronted with time-integrated time-resolved measurements. The capabilities regarding very complimentary that can be obtained X-ray flares as well reverse-shock early to late forward-shock (afterglow) emissions highlighted. Finally, promising directions overcoming inherent difficulties obtaining statistically significant prompt-GRB discussed, along prospects improvements modeling, which lead advances field.